ISSN: 1011-727X
e-ISSN: 2667-5420

Mehmet Necati Kutlu

Keywords: Empire, Republic of Turkey, Spain, Eastern Question

Abstract

Renovation efforts in Spain, XX. It covers the first thirty years of the century. Joaquin Costa gave his lectures on oligarchy and the authorities of the leaders in 1902 at Ateneo in Madrid. The famous orator introduced the "school and cellar" formula, which was later glorified with his tendency to written and direct formulas against the problems of the country.