Atatürk's Movement At Its Start: The Views Of Outsiders (1919-1921)

Abstract

This paper examines how the Allies failed to understand the dynamic changes within Turkey that were brought on by the Nationalist movement, as well as how Mustafa Kemal exploited the Allies' errors of judgment and analyses to have the Treaty of Sevres rendered null and void. Views of outsiders may shed some light into his nondogmatic and at times ambivalent stance. Furthermore, contrary to the assumptions of those who try to draw the psychological profile of a self-proclaimed demigod or a miracle worker, Mustafa Kemal's domestic politics point only too well to his awareness that he was not an undisputed leader. His acceptance at the international level, on the other hand, owed a lot to the war-weariness and the fear of Bolshevism in Europe, opposing national interests of the Allies, and Muslim sentiments towards Turkey which the Allies had to take into consideration. Mustafa Kemal emerges as a fine diplomatist and a great strategist even at the beginning of the Kemalist movement based on the evaluations of foreign observers.