Village Schools With Lodgings Built In The Early Republican Period In Ardahan

Abstract

Educational institutions are recognised as a public duty in welfare states and are built by the state. In the construction processes, the art, architecture and intellectual movements of the period as well as the state accumulations from the past played an active role. The Republic of Türkiye, which was established in the place of the Ottoman Empire, also benefited from the heritage of the previous state. However, with the establishment of the Republic on solid foundations, school plans were designed to reflect its own character. In addition, teachers were trained to go to the four corners of the country to rebuild a nation, adopt the regime and explain them. Teachers travelling to the villages needed both a school to teach in and a house to live in. Accordingly, the state developed the model of village schools with lodgings. In the design ofthese schools, architectsinvited both fromTürkiye and abroad carried out a series of studies for the schools to be built in the villages. In addition, type-project competitions were organised throughout the country for village schools with lodging houses. Therefore, it is possible to speak of a certain plan in the buildings of the Early Republican Period. The educational buildings with lodgings, which constitute the subject of this article, are also important works built in Ardahan within this order, reflecting the characteristic architecture of the Republican Period. In this study, educational buildings with lodgings were identified in Ardahan and their importance in Turkish educational architecture was emphasised. Although there is no published study directly related to village schools with lodgings, such works have been examined within educational structures in some book, articles and theses. For the first time in this article, these village schools with lodgings are discussed in detail and typologised. In the surface survey conducted in Ardahan provincial centre, districts and villages, five village schools with lodgings belonging to the Early Republican Period were identified. An attempt was made to reach a conclusion by comparing these schools with similar examples built in Anatolia in terms of plan, material and facade designs.

There is no study that would require the approval of the Ethical Committee in this article.

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